Meeting at Night Intrinsic Analysis - 3154 Words

CHAPTER I Introduction 1.1 Background of the Study Poetry is an expression of the writer and expressed in to the sentences that have many meaning and sometimes the words did not have real meaning. Analyzing poetry is an activity that we are concerned with explaining the methods and techniques of taking poem apart in order to arrive at a greater understanding of both its construction and each meaning. In this paper, the writers will analyze the poem of Robert Browning titled MEETING AT NIGHT. 1.2 Purposes of The Study The purpose of this paper is to know and get a deep analysis of poetic elements which is intrinsic elements used by Robert Browning in this poem, MEETING AT NIGHT. And the writers†¦show more content†¦The latter, based on a seventeenth-century Italian murder trial, received wide critical acclaim, finally earning a twilight of reknownand respect in Brownings career. The Browning Society was founded while he still lived, in 1881, and he was awarded honorary degrees by Oxford University in 1882 and the University of Edinburgh in 1884. Robert Browning died on the same day that his final volume of verse, Asolando , was published,in 1889. (source : poets.org) 2.2 The Poem MEETING AT NIGHT The gray sea and the long black land; And the yellow half-moon large and low; And the startled little waves that leap In fiery ringlets from their sleep, As I gain the cove with pushing prow, And quench its speed I’ the slushy sand. Then a mile of warm sea-scented beach; Three fields to cross till a farm appears; A tap at the pane, the quick sharp scratch And blue spurt of lighted match, And voice less loud, through joys and fears, Than the two hearts beating each to each! 2.3 Translation of the Poem MEETING AT NIGHT Laut yang keabu-abuan dan luasnya daratan gelap; Dan kuningnya bulan sabit yang terlihat besar dan rendah; Dan gelombang ombak kecil yangShow MoreRelatedFall And Fall Related Injury1335 Words   |  6 Pagesprevent them. There were thirty three beds were used in different rooms with mostly diagnosed patient with pneumonias, respiratory, urinary infections, and liver cirrhosis. They also observed the patient movement level during morning, evening, and night shift to recognize the significant problems and identify the clinical situation. During that situation, many medical and nursing students were also involved to observe and learn how to improve the quality of care (Abreu et al., 2012). The articleRead MoreQuality Trends In Health Care1613 Words   |  7 Pagesprovider should be proactive in evaluating he risk of falls in their elderly patients† (Schimke Schimke, 2014, p. 228). Therefore, a rallying of the troops is always necessary to assure we are all on board and moving in the same direction. Also, meetings of this nature reduces resistance from the direct caregivers. As well as, provides supports to the supervisors as they enforce and oversee the changes in our procedures. According to Osuji et al, (2014), â€Å"supervisor support have a very significantRead MoreImproving Patient s Safety Investigating Risk Factors For Falls1694 Words   |  7 Pagesfactors play a part like medication, cognitive impairment, poor balance, and lack of nursing intervention. Primary care providers must aim to reduce the fall rate and promote resident safety. There should be a continuing communication where nurses have meetings that will enhance guidelines on fall prev ention. 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Both motivation systems are part of the Cognitive Evaluation Theory. â€Å"A cognitive evaluation theory is a precursor of self-determination theory and centers on the distinction between intrinsic and extrinsic motivation† (Vallerand, 2000, p 2). The theory is regarding material or non-material motivators and managers knowing the people they are managing. Decision Making Communication When it comes to communication and decisionRead MoreSynopsis Of George s Abc Consulting1903 Words   |  8 Pagesbecause he thinks his values are congruent to the organisation’s value. George was immediately assigned to a project team that includes Daniel and Janet. In the first team meeting, George was overwhelmed with the ideas that Daniel and Janet suggested. With the near coming of the review meeting, stress has driven George to work day and night to complete the report. Without feedback and guidance from his teammates, George worked independently and completed the whole task. After George submitted his finalRead MoreEffective Communications With Specific Examples And Recommendations1633 Words   |  7 Pagesfirst team meeting, we immediately started to share our MBTI results and discuss our personal schedules to expedite our team development process in forming and storming. During our team contact development, we communicated thoroughly on establishing clear guidelines and expectations from each team member. It also eliminated ambiguities within the team. We wanted to create an atmosphere where everyone can have their voices expressed and understood. We also committed to face-to-face meetings each weekRead MoreCase 1 Warren Buffet to Case 4 Case Studies in Finance Book1974 Words   |  8 Pagesdiverse business activities† and it’s portfolio included: insurance, apparel building producers, finance and financial products, flight services, retail, grocery distribution and carpet and floor coverings. 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In the scene where Ali visits Emmy’s apartmentRead MorePrinciples Of Management : Change Management2091 Words   |  9 Pagescould be simply recog nized for a job well done (Aamodt, 2014). Both motivation systems are part of the Cognitive Evaluation Theory. â€Å"A cognitive evaluation theory is a precursor of self-determination theory and centers on the distinction between intrinsic and extrinsic motivation† (Vallerand, 2000, p 2). The theory is regarding material or non-material motivators and managers knowing the people they are managing. Decision Making Communication When it comes to communication and decision

The Cash Rate Is The Overnight Money Market Interest Rate...

The cash rate is the overnight money market interest rate implemented by the Reserve Bank of Australia. The Board of the Reserve Bank of Australia meet monthly to determine the cash rate for the following month, taking into account various economic conditions, both globally and domestically. Since August 2013, the cash rate in Australia has been at a record low, of 2.5 per cent (Reserve Bank of Australia, 2013). The three factors which will be considered in determining the cash rate for October 2014 are; the housing market â€Å"boom†, the falling value of the Australian dollar and iron ore prices trading at an all time low. Based on these three factors, on the 4th of October, the cash rate should be kept at the current rate of 2.5 per cent. With the latest inflation result showing inflation to be around the mid band target of the 2-3% target, no immediate cash rate decisions need to be made to control inflation. The cash rate is closely related to the monetary policy. As the inflation target helps the RBA achieve its three objectives of monetary policy, and the cash rate ultimately influences the level of inflation in the economy, the cash rate and monetary policy can be seen to be closely related. The three objectives of monetary policy are; maintaining price stability, full employment and economic prosperity and welfare of the Australian people (Reserve Bank of Australia, 2013). The objectives of monetary policy will also be covered in this essay and how the current willShow MoreRelatedThe Global Financial Crisis ( Gfc )1087 Words   |  5 Pagescredit ratings and the subsequent collapse of the US housing market and prominent investment bank Lehman Brothers which sent a wave of fear around global economies including Australia and resulted in the largest drop in global economic activity in the modern era. (W. McKibbin, A.Stoeckel, 2009, pg 1). 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Implementation Of Bike Plan In Melbourne †Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Implementation Of Bike Plan In Melbourne? Answer: Introduction The paper mainly reflects on the implementation of bike plan within the city of Melbourne. The bike plan is mainly implemented for guiding the city for becoming a more bike friendly community where safety as well as convenience helps in encouraging both visitors and residents for utilizing bike as one of the healthy alternative in context to personal vehicle driving (Ricci, 2015). In this assignment, proper background as well as objectives of the project is provided in order to implement the bike plan within the city of Melbourne. The paper also elaborates project scope and focuses on work break down structure in order to reflect the activities that are necessary for implementing the project of bike plan. Business case Project background The city of Melbourne have wide variety of employees who recently Economics growth in the employment base with new business that are located in the area of downtown. It is identified that due to the close proximity of major employers to exist within the various housing stock, the expansion of pedestrian walkways, potential lane of bike and current network of trails encourages the utilization of bike (Handy, Van Kroesen, 2014). However, the organization does not accommodate bikes with dedicated lanes as well as bike facilities. Due to this lack of bike infrastructure, a project was undertaken for implementing a bike plan within the city of Melbourne so that the city can accommodate bicyclist after proper installation of bike racks within the downtown streetscape. The project of implementing a bike plan within the city of Melbourne mainly helps in creating as well as enhancing the existing routes of bike for connecting destinations within the city. In addition to this, the project prioritizes various types of improvements for the bike planning actions (Campbell et al., 2016). Proper planned bike facilities will be undertaken so that the entire project will be successful in enhancing the ridership of bike by removing facilities and by providing information that is more appropriate. The concept of implementing a bike plan within the city of Melbourne for increasing the number of ridership is provided to the senior management of the organization in the form of proposal (Tian Xu, 2015). It is identified that after the approval of the proposal from the senior management the project will receive proper funding source so that the project can be implemented successfully. Project analysis SWOT analysis is undertaken in this project, in order to examine the benefits as well as feasibility of the project. Strengths: Bike facility in Melbourne will be helpful as it provide proper travelling facility to the employers of the organization (Hollensen, 2015). It is analyzed that shift from motorized travelling modes to bike can reduce traffic congestion, noise as well as energy consumption. Weaknesses: Poor as well as inefficient circulation of vehicles as well as traffic congestion are not proper for the riders of bicycle. It is identified that limited secure parking facilities are unsafe in Melbourne. Opportunities: The main opportunities for the plan are to create new as well as enhanced existing bike route within the city of Melbourne (Yuan, 2013). In addition to this, goals and policies for providing awareness about the usefulness of bike riding can also be done with bike implementation plan within the city. Threats: The major limitation is that in Melbourne the roadway width is not proper which creates threat on the provision of new bike lanes. It is identified that multiple regulatory agencies also creates conflicting timeline for the project. Project objective The main objectives of the project are as follows:- To build existing as well as planned facilities of bike by prioritize the improvement of bike network: The main objective of this plan is to identify the need bike facilities to resolve the problem as well as deficiencies that are present with the environment of bicycling. To enhance the ridership of bike for improving barriers as well as for improving facilities: The city of Melbourne has wide variety of employees who recently experiences growth in the employment base within the new business. Therefore, implementation of bike plan within the city encourages the facility of bike, which would be very much helpful for the employees for reaching to their destination on time. To enhance the quality of life within the city of Melbourne: It is identified that biking is one of the healthy as well as active form of travel. The implementation of bike facilities within the city of Melbourne helps in providing complete trails, streets as well as activity centers that are generally accessible for everyone in order to support the sustainable community development. It is analyzed that shift from motorized travelling modes to bike can reduce traffic congestion, noise as well as energy consumption. Project scope Statement of work The scope of the project is categorized into two parts that include in-scope as well as out-scope. The in scope of the project include- Creating new as well as enhancing existing bike route Building planned facilities for bike Developing proper goals and policies for providing awareness about the usefulness of bike riding Prioritizing improvements to the bike network The out scope of the project include- Maximization of funding sources for implementation Creation of bike network map High level work breakdown structure Figure 1: Work Breakdown Structure (Source: Created by Author) Literature sum mary relating to the project topic Improper infrastructure for bikes in Melbourne raises the need to implement the bike plan for the employers who can utilize the facility of bike for their benefit. According to Burke (2013), the implementation of bike plan does not encourage the people to utilize this means of transport but also improves the accessibility as well as safety of the people who uses bike. The project is one of the innovative methods for expanding as well as improving the infrastructure while raising awareness about this means of transport. The plan also helps in establishing bike connectivity throughout the city. Summary The city of Melbourne experiences employment growth recently due to which the number of employees working in firms also enhances. The employees found bike as one of the suitable mode of transport but in Melbourne does not have proper lane for riding bike. In order to resolve the problem and for providing proper facility to the employees, a proposal on the implementation of bike plan in the city of Melbourne is presented to the Senior management for approval (Leon, 2014). It is identified that the project is quite beneficial and it mainly aims at building existing as well as planned facilities of bike by prioritize the improvement of bike network, enhance the ridership of bike for improving barriers and for enhancing the quality of life (Hollensen, 2015). It is identified that the project is feasible after proper analysis of the project is done with the help of SWOT analysis. References Bopp, M., Saunders, R. P., Lattimore, D. (2013). The tug-of-war: fidelity versus adaptation throughout the health promotion program life cycle.The journal of primary prevention,34(3), 193-207 Bull, J. W., Jobstvogt, N., Bhnke-Henrichs, A., Mascarenhas, A., Sitas, N., Baulcomb, C., ... Carter-Silk, E. (2016). Strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats: A SWOT analysis of the ecosystem services framework.Ecosystem services,17, 99-111. Burke, R. (2013). Project management: planning and control techniques.New Jersey, USA. Campbell, J. D., Jardine, A. K., McGlynn, J. (Eds.). (2016).Asset management excellence: optimizing equipment life-cycle decisions. CRC Press. Chen, W. M., Kim, H., Yamaguchi, H. (2014). Renewable energy in eastern Asia: Renewable energy policy review and comparative SWOT analysis for promoting renewable energy in Japan, South Korea, and Taiwan.Energy Policy,74, 319-329. Handy, S., Van Wee, B., Kroesen, M. (2014). Promoting cycling for transport: research needs and challenges.Transport reviews,34(1), 4-24. Hollensen, S. (2015). Marketing management: A relationship approach. Pearson Education. Leon, A. (2014).Enterprise resource planning. McGraw-Hill Education. Ricci, M. (2015). Bike sharing: A review of evidence on impacts and processes of implementation and operation.Research in Transportation Business Management,15, 28-38. Tian, F., Xu, S. X. (2015). How Do Enterprise Resource Planning Systems Affect Firm Risk? Post-Implementation Impact.Mis Quarterly,39(1). Yuan, H. (2013). A SWOT analysis of successful construction waste management.Journal of Cleaner Production,39, 1-8.

Yvonne free essay sample

Another Monday slowly drags on as I sit in class waiting for that final bell to ring. School is over, and the next couple hours are a blur as I wait until 5:50 P.M to drive to my second home; my dance studio. As I walk up the stairs I hear a familiar voice yell, Pull out the barres! Its a strict voice, but the softness behind it is my teacher, friend, and role model. I have been exposed to many influential people throughout my life. My dance teacher, Yvonne Hassett, has had the greatest impact on me and also contains multiple essential qualities. Throughout the past six years that I have known Yvonne, she has enhanced my confidence level tremendously. I have received various corrections from Yvonne. I do not take those corrections as a bad thing; I take them as constructive criticism to become better at what I do. We will write a custom essay sample on Yvonne or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page When I first started dancing at Absolute Dance, I had a lack of confidence. Yvonne helped me become a strong individual both in and out of the dance studio. Yvonne is a person who has pushed me to my highest potential each day. With her pushing me to my personal best and helping me strive for my goals, I have improved not only as a dancer, but also as a person. Yvonne has a unique set of qualities that many people, like myself, admire. She has always been the person I go to for guidance. Yvonne is a wonderful and highly respected dance teacher and also a positive role model. Not only that, but she takes on a motherly role and is basically my second mother. We jokingly say that we are her children since she has none of her own. Another admiring quality that Yvonne has is that she puts others before herself. Even though she has her own life, she will put it on hold to help us with anything. Spending so much of my time with Yvonne has had a great influence on me. Ever since I have met her I now feel confident that I can succeed in anything I do later in life. I will take the qualities and advice Yvonne has given me and use it to keep growing as a person.

Top 7 Apps For a Polished Writing

Top 7 Apps For a Polished Writing You have your rough draft finished. Now the tough part. You know you are not that skilled in grammar and usage, and your essays and papers tend to get lower grades because of this failing. Consider yourself lucky to be living in this technological age. Students before you had to live with their writing deficits or find some trusted friend to do their editing for them. You dont. There are now great apps and tools that will make all of those corrections for you, and heres 7 that you can begin to use today. You will never again have to submit a piece of writing that is not completely polished and ready for a good grade. ProWritingAid: This is a great app, if you want flexibility in pricing for what your specific needs are. There is one version that is totallly free and that will provide 19 reports related to verb tense, subject-verb agreement, awkward phrasing, sentence structure errors, mechanics, and so forth. You do have a word limit 3000 in fact which translates to about a 12-page essay or paper. And there is no interactive editing. Your errors will be pointed out and you will be responsible for fixing them. But, if you can cough up $35 a year, you will have an unlimited number of pages and you will get interactive editing you will receive suggestions for repairing your errors, and you can choose to accept them or not. For an additional $5/year, you will get the whole enchilada which would be particularly useful for grad students working on theses and dissertations. Grammarly This app is so user friendly. Once you are registered with username and password, all you do is log in and upload your document. Grammarly takes care of all the rest. As you can see from the screen shot above, it will underline errors and place the corrections in the right margin. You can edit you work right there. Grammarly has a plagiarism check that can be activated with just one click too. The free version does not allow for all of the features, of course, but for $49, you have a permanent piece of software with unlimited usage. This app is great for students from high school forward, and is especially great for college students who are anticipating several years of academic study. Hemingway This app is titled Hemingway, after the author who was famous for simple sentences and brevity of language to get his point across. There are 5 categories of editing, each one color coded. When there is a grammar error, you will see the problem lit up in blue. If you have sentences that are to complex and cumbersome, they will be highlighted in red. And once all that highlighting is finished, there will be suggestions. Hemingway also gives you a readability level which is particularly important for college students. There is a free web app which will give you basic editing in the cloud, but you cannot save your pieces. For $6.99, however, you can download the app either on Mac or Windows devices. AftertheDeadline This is a tool that works much like Grammarly or Hemingway, but really focuses in on grammar, spelling, and punctuation. While it will point out run-on sentences and fragments, it will not point out awkwardness of phrasing and such unless you upgrade. It too has color-coded messages that underline errors and provides the grammar rule that applies. It is then up to you to make the corrections based upon the grammar rule. This app is free, but if you want the fixes given as well, you will need to upgrade to the paid version. Students should know that this app does not differentiate among American, British and Canadian English, and this might be a bit of a drawback. But, if you have a separate spellcheck feature on your word processing program, spelling should not be an issue. SlickWrite This is an app for copywriters, students, business writers anyone who must have polished writing for the view of others. It operates much like other editing tools. Check out the demo before you decide if you want to purchase this app there are options pricing levels based upon how much editing/polishing you want. BibMe Bibliographies are no longer a problem with this app. All you do is type in the bibliographical information, choose your citation style, and this free app generates a citation which you can then just copy and paste into your bibliography page. If you want to save your citations, you will have to upgrade to the paid version. ProCustomWriting

Thailand Research Paper †Current Issues (300 Level Course)

Thailand Research Paper – Current Issues (300 Level Course) Free Online Research Papers Thailand Research Paper Current Issues (300 Level Course) Kingdom of Thailand Ruler: King Bhumibol Adulyadej Prime Minister: Thaksin Shinawatra Capital and Largest City: Bangkok Monetary Unit: baht Government: Constitutional Monarchy Geography Area: 198, 455 square miles Boundaries: Burma 1,800 km, Cambodia 803 km, Laos 1,754 km, Malay 506 km Climate: tropical, rainy, warm, cloudy, monsoons Terrain: central plains, Khorat Plateau in the east, mountains Demographics Population: 65, 444,371 Ethnicity/Race: Thai 75 %, Chinese 14 %, other 11% Languages: Thai (Siamese), English (secondary language of the elite), ethnic and regional dialects Religions: Buddhist 95%, Islam 3.8%, Christian 0.5%, Hindu 0.1%, other 0.6% Education Thailand has a very high literacy rate of 96% for men and women. The ratio of male to female enrollment in primary school between the years 1998-2000 is 100 to 96; and the male to female ratio for enrollment into secondary school is 85 to 81. Thailand has 26 privately operated universities and colleges. There are presently 42 universities and 36 teacher colleges. These universities offer a wide variety of courses at the Bachelors degree level in fields such as Arts, Business Administration, Education, medicine and many more (â€Å"2004 Indian Ocean Earthquake†). Thailand’s population is literate and educated as seen in the table below: Attendance of Males Females Adult literacy 97% 94% Secondary School 85% 81% Primary School 87% 85% Communication Thailand has 5.6 million telephones, 3.1 million cellular phones, 13.96 million radios, 15.19 million televisions, 1.2 internet users. There are 5 broadcast stations in Bangkok and 131 repeaters; as well as 204 A.M., 334 F.M., and 6 shortwave radio stations. Economics Thailand has industry in tourism, textiles, garments, agricultural processing, beverages, tobacco, cement, light manufacturing, furniture, plastics, producer of tungsten and tin. Natural resources available within the region include: tin, rubber, natural gas, tungsten, tantalum, timber, lead, fish, gypsum, lignite, fluorite, arable and land. Agricultural crops in Thailand consist of rice, corn, rubber, cassava, sugarcane, coconuts, and soybean. The Labor force represents 36.43 million in revenue from the following areas: agriculture 54%, industry 15%, service 31% (â€Å"2004 Indian Ocean Earthquake†); see graph below: Thailand’s GDP (gross domestic product) and PPP (power product parity) total $524.8 billion; $8,100 per capita. The unemployment rate is 1.5% and the mean income per household is $160,000 baht. Role of Women Women in Thailand are recognized toward contributions made in Thai society. Their roles have changed from a once perceived equal role in early history during the Sukhothai period to being discriminated against during the Ayudhya period. In early Thai history women were reveled as having high esteem and being treated well. Women were though to be business savvy and dominated their husband over financial matters in the home. With outside influences this equilibrium in gender roles faded to a period of much discrimination known as Ayudhya. The Ayudhya period of the fourteenth century was characterized by husbands practicing polygamy and wives being divided into different classes. A saying of this period was â€Å"Women are buffaloes. Men are humans.† The extreme legal oppression of women continued until the nineteenth century into the current Ratanakosin period. In 1985 the International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination was held and as a result social changes for women were made in work, education, and legal matters; although this is not widely accepted by Thai men. Discrimination in higher education was reported in smaller colleges. Philosophy of using quota systems to attempt to control the number of women enrolled in science programs still exist. In the workplace women were able to receive equal pay, but are still unable to perform duties considered dangerous or strenuous labor. Thai women also experience difficulties with divorce laws. Divorces are more difficult for women to obtain, the responsibility of child support falls on the women, and nationality laws affect the identity of children born out of wedlock. Despite these setbacks women are making strides in the political arena, receiving better education and involvement in diverse career settings. Women represent 45.4% of the labor force in Thailand (â€Å"2004 Indian Ocean Earthquake†) Total Fertility Rate The current less than 5% infant mortality rate was 148 in the 1960’s and has dropped a great deal to 26 since 2003. Nine percent of infants were born with low weight from the years of 1998-2003. Life Expectancy The life expectancy of the total population is age 69. The typical age of death for males is around the age of 69-70 and for females age 73-74. Leading Causes of Death In Thailand, the main causes of death are Aids and the HIV virus. It has been estimated that 58,000 have died from HIV and Aids and that 570,000 are living with it. An estimated number of 12,000 out of 58,000 of the deaths in the past two years were due to HIV and Aids and 50 percent of the infections came from I.D.U’s (Injections of Drugs). The third major cause of death is road accidents. Most of the accidents happened in the northeast and the victims are found to be more males than females. According to Apichart Mekmasin, Director of the Public Health Ministry’s Non-communicable Disease Department, motorcycles were proven to be the main cause of road accidents. Ninety percent of the deaths were motor bike mishaps while 84 percent resulted in injuries. Dietary Staple Thai cuisine is pungent and spicy, seasoned with heaps of garlic, curry chilies, ginger, coriander, galangal root, basil, peanuts, tamarind, ginger, coconut milk, fish sauce and shrimp pasta. Main staples include: rice, fish, chicken, noodles, sugar cane and citrus fruits. Infrastructure Water resources are vital assets in the development of Thailand. The water is essential for human consumption, sanitation, the production of food and fiber, as well as the production of many industrial goods. The most striking characteristic of the water resource is its uneven and inequitable spatial and temporal distribution. In some areas they have too little water; others have too much, suffering from floods which can cause substantial loss of life and damage to property. The most important and the largest river basin in Thailand is the Chao Phraya Basin. Thailand is on a peninsula that is surrounded by the Indian Ocean and the Pacific Ocean. The solid waste is bulk collection and mass disposal. The Tsunami Thailand was hit by a Tsunami on December 26, 2004. An earthquake that occurred in the Indian Ocean, off the northwest coast of the Indonesian island caused the Tsunami. The death count is approximately 8,000. The most damage occurred in Phuket and Khao Lak both resort towns and slightly above sea level. The economic impact is considerable, although Thailand has a strong and flexible economy. Official Death Count Province Thai Foreign Deaths Total Injured Thai Injured Foreign Injured Total Injured Missing Krabi 288 188 686 808 568 1,376 890 Phang Nga 1,950 2,213 4,163 4,344 1,253 5,597 2,113 Phuket 154 105 262 591 520 1,111 700 Ranong 167 2 169 215 31 246 12 Satun 6 0 6 15 0 15 0 Trang 3 2 5 92 20 112 1 Total 2,568 2,510 5,291 6,065 2,392 8,457 3,716 Tsunami Aid Infrastructure damage to many resorts and small businesses around the Andaman Sea will take several years to rebuild. Debris remains in the reefs that were carried out to sea. Sediment, trees, rubble, cars and other debris were dragged into the ocean; destruction of housing, fishing boats and gear, cropland and plantations were wiped out. The water and air was contaminated by chemical waste from the homes that were destroyed U.S. government funds for the Asian tsunami reconstruction totals $525 million proposed to rebuild infrastructure and restore shattered livelihoods (â€Å"Reconstructing Paradise†). Tsunami Relief The World Health Organizations warned that the number of deaths from preventable diseases such as cholera, diphtheria, dysentery and typhoid could rival the death toll from the disaster itself. The diseases are more like to spread through bodily waste of the living after the loss of normal sanitary facilities. The U.S. embassy in Thailand, The U.S. Pacific Command, The World Health Organization, United Nations Childrens Fund, World Vision has helped more than 1 million people in the Indian Ocean region with shelter, food, economic recovery and other urgent needs. Contributing corporations were Coca-Cola, Exxon Mobil, Microsoft, General Motors , Pepsi, Nike, Johnson Johnson all donated money and supplies to the country (â€Å"NGOs respond to Asia tsunamis†). Work Cited Page â€Å"2004 Indian Ocean Earthquake† Wikipedia24 June 2005 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2004_Indian_Ocean_earthquake â€Å"NGOs respond to Asia tsunamis† Reuters Foundation23 June 2005 alertnet.org/thefacts/reliefresources/110409431212.htm â€Å"Reconstructing paradise† lonely planet 4 June 2005 lonelyplanet.com/journeys/tsunami/thailand_reconstructing2.cfm â€Å"Thailand† The World Factbook 14 June 2005 cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook/geos/th.html Research Papers on Thailand Research Paper - Current Issues (300 Level Course)Influences of Socio-Economic Status of Married MalesPETSTEL analysis of IndiaResearch Process Part One19 Century Society: A Deeply Divided EraDefinition of Export QuotasMarketing of Lifeboy Soap A Unilever ProductCanaanite Influence on the Early Israelite ReligionTrailblazing by Eric AndersonHip-Hop is ArtThe Relationship Between Delinquency and Drug Use

FM Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

FM - Essay Example An increase in the scale of production could likely result in changes to both fixed and variable cost. Increasing the scale may lead to increased fixed cost. Additionally, buying more raw materials could result in a lower cost per unit. Furthermore, producing more of an item could lead to higher hourly rate for labour as overtime may be necessary. Overtime is normally charged at a higher rate of time and a half. Break even analysis, assumes that the quantity of Racey that is produced will be sold. It may not be possible for JxCorp to sell all the products produced. Profit is calculated on the quantity of goods sold and not the quantity of goods expected to be sold. Additionally, JxCorp may not be selling Racey to one customer. Other customers may demand a lower price per unit. Break-even analysis breaks down as it assumes there is only one market for the product and all units are sold at the same price. It does not take into consideration that JxCorp may have to sell Racey to different customers at different prices. It uses only one selling price to determine how changes in volume sold will affect profits. It is common practice to sell goods at different prices to different customers. The weighted cost of capital is the weighted average of the components of capital (Brigham and Ehrhardt 2005). In this case, the components are equity and debt. The calculation of the weighted cost of capital WACC is shown in Table 4 below. The calculations in Table 4 indicate that WACC is 11%. The weight of each component is 50% (0.5). The symbol Wd represents the weight of Debt and We the weight of equity. The symbol rd represents the interest rate on the debt which is 9% and re the return on equity which is 15%. The corporation tax rate, T is 22% or 0.22. The information in Table 5 indicates that capital allowances of  £100,000,  £75,000, and  £56,250 were charged in years 1, 2 and 3 respectively and balancing charge of  £168,750 in year 4. The

From London Riots to Pussy Riot To what extent western societies' Dissertation

From London Riots to Pussy Riot To what extent western societies' Liberal Ideal today misinterpret the idea of 'righteous' Civil - Dissertation Example Such is the case with Western reactions to the rulings and events surrounding recent riots in London and in Russia. Many times judgments of events of this magnitude are made lacking a clear, complete understanding of other cultures. Yet, these same critics rationalize extreme acts of retribution within their own societies. This paper will examine these misconceptions based upon the rulings on the cases of the London Riots and the Pussy Riots in Russia. The objective is to underline how acts of ‘Righteous’ Civil Obedience are misinterpreted by Liberalists who do not appear to possess a full understanding of foreign cultures in this respect. Table of Contents List of Illustrations†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦3 Chapter 1 Introduction†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã ¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.4 1.1 Righteous Civil Disobedience†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..6 1.2 Liberalism to Terrorism†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.7 1.3 The Riots 8 Chapter 2 Statement of the Problem 11 2.1 Hypothesis†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.â₠¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..11 2.2 Scope and Limitations†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.11 Chapter 3 Literature Review 12 Chapter 4 Case Study: Western Criticism 18 4.1 The Verdict 22 Chapter 5 Discussion and Conclusion 26 5.1 Conclusion†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.28 Works Cited 30 Appendices List of Illustrations Figure 1†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. Cover Page Photo: Cathedral of Christ the Saviour. Moscow, Russia; Bell, A. (2004). Byzantine Cathedral Figure 2†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦London Police Riot Photograph; Martes, A. (2011). La gran tragedia de robos y asaltos en Londres, Manchester, Liv erpool y Bristol, no es exclusividad britanica Figure 3†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.Statue of Liberty Photo; JMG. (2013) Statue of Liberty Photograph. Jolted Media Group. Figure 4 †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.Arrest of Garry Kasparov; Stewart, W. (2012). Former world chess champion Garry Kasparov dragged away from massive protest as Russia jails Pussy Riot trio for two years for hooliganism in 'show trial'. Figure 5†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. Excerpt from PR song Punk Prayer; Berger, R, (2012). Pussy Riot Sentencing: Can't Jail Female Fur. Huffington Post. Religion. Chapter 1. Introduction On the Eastern side of the world, the word for the day has been ‘riot’. In north London, a 29 year old man was killed by a policeman during Operation Trident, an investigation of illegal weapon activity in London’s black community (Stringer, Satter, Culp, Selva, & Wilson, 2011). The man was said to have gang affiliations and was involved in gun activities. The incident sparked explosions of rioting and violence, as Londoners destroyed property across the city in outrage, causing massive damage and fatalities amongst the public and the London police force. Press releases that dispelled the defense that the deceased, Mark Duggan, was armed and had fired a weapon at the London policeman fuelled a fire that desecrated the city. As buildings burned and potential targets ran for cover, the heart of London was being irretrievably broken. Approximately 1500 miles away in Moscow, a group of Russian Lady Gagas were charged with

Ipad Mini Review Essay Example for Free

Ipad Mini Review Essay 1.Remarkably thin and light, the iPad mini is the perfect size for holding in one hand. The iPad mini also fits comfortably in the pocket of a coat or a handbag, making it ideal for use on the move. Its also beautifully designed, with obvious influences taken from Apples iPhone 5. Finally, its Apples cheapest iPad starting at like 270. The iPad Mini supports the LTE networks of ATT, Sprint, and Verizon Wireless (no luck, T-Mobile!). This means it has access to 4G mobile broadband in hundreds of markets around the country. Even with LTE on board, Apple says the iPad Mini will still get about 10 hours of battery life. Thats an incredible amount of uptime when considering the productivity needs of todays mobile professionals. 2.Its no surprise that Apple is charging a HUGE price for its smaller tablet when compared to other 7-inch models. With an introductory price of $329, it costs a full $80 more than the 16 GB Nexus 7. Of course, the Nexus 7 is thick, heavy, and made of plastic, while the iPad Mini is thin, light, and made of aluminum. It also has a slower processor than iphone 5 or the regular ipads. Its comes with the dual core A5 when iphone 5 has A6 chips and ipad has A6X chips. 3. Through advertising and marketing. Word of mouth is the best advertisement, so when people get this item, the first thing they do is tell their friends how cool it is and all good and bad things about the product. That’s adds value to the item through societies eyes.

Essay --

Acknowledgments ______________________________________________________________________________ Thank you for the support and encouragement that you have given me throughout the trials of my experiment. I would like to thank my parents for the support they have given me and for helping me when I was in a tough situation. I would like to thank my teacher, Mr. Johnson for the support that he has given me and for his guidance and encouragement. I would also like to thank my dentist for supplying me with my prime ingredient of this experiment, teeth. Purpose ______________________________________________________________________________ The purpose of this experiment is to investigate the effect of beverages, such as, orange juice, coca cola, milk, coffee, and water, on the rate of decomposition of teeth. This experiment will be able to determine which of the five beverages cause a tooth to decompose faster than the others. These specific drinks were chosen because they are what normal people have in their refrigerator or pantry on a normal basis. Most americans consume coffee, and some sort of juice in the morning, throughout the day they should have at least of glass of water, and most people have at least on soft drink a day. The acid in orange juice and the carbonation in soda can damage the enamel of the tooth causing it to erode faster (Orange, July 2, 2009). The lack of saliva can cause decay of teeth because saliva protects the gums in the mouth from infection. Some causes of reduced saliva are coffee and cola drinks (Reduce,April 21, 2012). This experiment reveals which of these five drinks increase the process of decay faster than others. This will allow the reader to choose a drink that wil... ...rom http://www.questiaschool.com Mays, S. (1998). The Archaeology of Human Bones. London: Routledge. Retrieved from http://www.questiaschool.com Orange Juice Acid 'Can Wash Away Enamel on Teeth' (2009, July 2). Daily Mail (London), p. 22. Retrieved from http://www.questiaschool.com Reduce Dental Decay Factors. (2012, April 21). Coffs Coast Advocate (Coffs Harbour, Australia). Retrieved from http://www.questiaschool.com Teeth. (2013). In The Columbia Encyclopedia (6th ed.). The Columbia University Press. Retrieved from http://www.questiaschool.com Tooth Decay-Cause. (n.d.). WebMD - Better information. Better health.. Retrieved October 9, 2013, from http://www.webmd.com/oral-health/tc/tooth-decay-cause What Kind of Acids are in Soda. (2011, August 17). Live Strong. http://www.livestrong.com/articles/519798-what-kind-of-acids-are-in-sodas/

Alexander Pope’s Essay Essay

Alexander Pope’s Essay on Man and Voltaire’s Candied adopted opposing views on how reason should be used during their time. They had varying opinions about taking man’s life in general with Pope adopting a pessimistic view of life while Voltaire expounded on scathing remarks about things and events which he observed. Pope elucidated that he had two reasons for writing his essay and that was first, he thought that â€Å"principles, maxims, or precepts so written, both strike the reader more strongly at first and are more easily retained by him afterwards. † The second reason was because he knew that he could express himself more using the poetic style instead of prose itself. First, Pope uses this reasoning ability to work on his references and regard for God as well as His great domain. It was a requirement then that the writers would regard the religious authority in such a high regard. It seems that Pope uses reason in order to dwell on the fruitlessness and meaninglessness of life. Pope reasons that this maze of life has a reason for being so and believes that there is a plan for everything and that there is no haphazardness in what happens to man: A mighty maze! But not without a plan; a wild, where weeds and flow’s promiscuous shoot; Or garden, tempting with forbidden fruit. Together let us beat this ample field, Try what the open, what the covert yield! Born in 1694 to a middle-class family in Paris, Francois-Marie Aroused, later known as Voltaire, grew up at a time when the majority of the people in France lived in abject poverty. When he came of age, Voltaire witnessed the iron-fist rule of the aristocracy, and at the same time, the spread of the Enlightenment and its ideas of equality and basic human rights, as well as the importance of reason and scientific objectivity. It is not surprising then that he will devote his time writing biting satire which eventually garnered him a solid reputation in France. So scathing were some of his writings that it caught the ire of its target, the government, which unhesitatingly meted out punishments, ranging from exile to imprisonment. In fact, it was during his incarceration in the infamous Bastille that he acquired his nom de plume. Thus, he uses reason in another kind of biting way in order to effect changes. Aside from the government, Voltaire also criticized the Church with equal fervor and in with perfect reason he could ever think of. Indeed, he became a lifelong champion of the poor and the downtrodden, and used the power of the pen to further his cause, writing with a rare kind of passion against both tyranny and religious persecution. In the 1750s, greatly dismayed by the injustice and disaster that surrounded him, Voltaire set out to write what would become his signature work, Candied, where he simultaneously criticized the nobility and the Church, and the people’s misguided optimism (Spark Notes). Candied, the protagonist of the novel was an illegitimate child of a German baron who grew up under the tutelage of the philosopher Dr. Pan gloss who taught him about unconditional, and often misguided, optimism: â€Å"It is demonstrable that things cannot be other than they are, for since everything is made to serve an end, everything necessarily serves the best end. Observe: noses were made to support spectacles, hence we have spectacles. Legs, as anyone can plainly see, were made to be breeched, and so we have breeches. . . . Consequently, those who say everything is well are uttering mere stupidities; they should say everything is for the best (p. 2). † The philosophy, thus, points out the perverted idea during Voltaire’s time that all things—including all human suffering—is part of a cosmic plan, and one must not question whatever tragedy comes his way, for to do so is tantamount to questioning God’s plan. Put another way, since God is perfect, then he must have created a world that is no less than â€Å"the best of all possible worlds. † In the meantime, Candied fell in love with the baron’s daughter, Lady Cunegonde, but the blossoming affair was cut short when the baron caught them kissing. He kicked the young Candide out of his house, and so began the long list of Candide’s misfortunes which collectively challenged his conviction about the â€Å"best of all possible worlds. † His experiences—and later, those of Dr. Pangloss—could serve as proof to the notorious Malcolm’s Law which states that if something can go wrong it will. This is how Voltaire was able to parody Dr. Pangloss’ philosophy: first, his philosophy is proven false by real-world evidence; and second, Pangloss’ philosophy ultimately encourages complacency toward all that is wrong in the world. At one ridiculous scene, when Dr. Pangloss’ benefactor, the Anabaptist Jacques, was drowning in the bay of Lisbon, the philosopher prevented Candide from trying to rescue him by insisting that â€Å"the bay of Lisbon had been specially contrived so that the Anabaptist might drown in them† (p. 13). One could also draw from this event that people like Pangloss are ludicrously fatalistic to a point that there is no reason to make any effort to put matters into one’s own hands, and to change things that are evil. Voltaire was profoundly critical of the Church’s beliefs as can be seen in his literary works Candide. He draws on this reasoning ability in order to refer to many things around him just as when Pope makes reference to presumptuous man. He uses his reasoning again in order to look at the mysteries that are presented to him. Then say not Man’s imperfect, Heav’n in fault, – Say rather Man’s as perfect as he ought: His knowledge measur’d to his state and place, His time a moment, and a point his space. Meanwhile, it was at about this time that more philosophies claimed that reason could be used in order to explain everything. Reasoning ability was placed at a high pedestal explaining that people can make the world a better place to live in and Voltaire uses reason again to counteract this reasoning. He is not given to such optimism, preferring instead to reason that he doubts that there is â€Å"ever a chance of people securing happiness† (1-2). Voltaire’s reasoning was a bit odd because in his failure to reason out well, he instead adopted the belief that â€Å"true happiness can only be experienced in an unreal world. † (42) lamenting the fact that optimism is a mania for â€Å"saying things are well when one is in he. † (40). Thus, Voltaire uses reasoning in order to satirize the foolishness of believing and being optimistic. Of the writers during the Enlightenment period, Voltaire was one writer who criticized the Church with equal fervor. Indeed, he became a lifelong champion of the poor and the downtrodden, and used the power of the pen to further his cause, writing with a rare kind of passion against both tyranny and religious persecution. In the 1750s, greatly dismayed by the injustice and disaster that surrounded him, Voltaire set out to write what would become his signature work, Candide, where he criticized the nobility and the Church, pointing out the people’s misguided optimism (Spark Notes). The philosophy, thus, points out the perverted idea during Voltaire’s time that all things—including all human suffering—is part of a cosmic plan, and one must not question whatever tragedy comes his way, for to do so is tantamount to questioning God’s plan. Put another way, since God is perfect, then he must have created a world that is no less than â€Å"the best of all possible worlds. † Later on, Candide meets Martin, an extreme opposite of Dr. Pangloss in that he is a categorical pessimist who finds the world â€Å"utterly mad and abominable† (p. 75) where one can find â€Å"very little virtue or happiness† (p. 77). Indeed, this philosophy is more effective at explaining real-world experiences than Pangloss’, but it too has its flaws. Thus, Martin fails when he predicts that Candide’s valet trusted with millions in gold will surely betray his master out of greed. And like Pangloss, Martin is seen as somebody who does not assume a proactive role in changing the world for the better, for after all, he abides by the idea that man is bound to live either in misery or in boredom. In effect, Voltaire demonstrates that both absolute optimism and absolute pessimism are nothing more than simple abstractions that defies reality. Voltaire shows a pessimistic view of human nature in Candide. To do this he used an imaginary perfect world—El Dorado—where Candide lived in for a short time. Inaccessible to outsiders, the kingdom of El Dorado is full of just and peaceful people who pay no attention to jewels and gold that lay scattered everywhere. But rather than remain in the perfect world of El Dorado, Candide has acquired a greed that ultimately made him decide to leave the place, in order to return to the imperfect world where he could live off the jewels he has taken from El Dorado. He said, â€Å"If we remain here, we shall be only as the other inhabitants; whereas if we return to our own world with but a dozen of sheep laden with the pebbles of El Dorado, we shall be richer than all the kings of Europe†¦ and we may easily recover Lady Cunegonde† (p. 52). However, misfortune continued to follow him, and culminates in his reunion with his beloved Cunegonde, who, alas, has turned unbearably ugly due to her own share of difficulties. In the end, Candide learns that practical action seems to be the only antidote to human suffering. This he learned when he met a humble old man who, with the help of his children, is content and happy. He told Candide, â€Å"Labor holds off three great evils: tedium, vice and poverty† (p. 103). Taking this advice, Candide and his group set themselves to exercise their various talents (e. g. Cunegonde continued to be very ugly, but she became an excellent pastry cook) and their small farm yielded good crops. Indeed, both Pope and Voltaire, being masters at reason, utilized this to their advantage during their time. WORKS CITED â€Å"Candide†. Spark Notes online. 2004. Retrieved June 10, 2008 at: http://www. sparknotes. com/ lit/candide Pope, Alexander. Essay on Man and Other Poems. Dover Publications; New Ed edition (June 16, 1994) Voltaire. Candide. (1759). London: Penguin Books. 1997. Alexander Pope’s Essay on Man and Voltaire’s Candide adopted opposing views on how reason should be used

Mutual Defense Alliance Essay

* Russia and Serbia (Russia joined in first after war started between Austria-hungary and serbi, Russia was Serbias alliance, we can say Serbia triggererd the chain reaction) * Germany and Austria-Hungary * France and Russia * Britain and France and Belgium * Japan and Britain Imperialism – Imperialism is when a country increases their power and wealth by bringing additional territories under their control. Before World War 1, Africa and parts of Asia were points of contention amongst the European countries for their resources. Tension caused by this because France and Britain had colonies-Germany was trying to get in on the action-wanted more land Nationalism- Serbian black hand/Gavrilo princip Militarism-Germany and Britain were both increasing their navy power=more tension and in german and russa particularly, militarism was having an influence on public policy Immediate Causes- Theres only one immediate cause, the assassination of Franz Ferdinand :P. This one event made all the aforementioned items come into play. This was in protest to Austria-Hungary having control of this region. Serbia wanted to take over Bosnia and Herzegovina. This assassination led to Austria-Hungary declaring war on Serbia. Once that was declared Russia declared war on Austria-hungary due to their alliance which led to Germany declaring war etc etc. If we look at the causes, it seems Serbia was the main cause. Sure imperialism and militarism were part of the reason, but they didn’t start the war. Serbian nationalism and its alliance system along with the assassination from a serban nationalist are what triggered the start of World War 1. It was the significance of this particular crime for Austro-Serbian relations that mattered. Guys Important thing to know, when your talking about nationalism don’t say that the black hand was acting on behalf of the government, we’ll get slapped. â€Å"There is no evidence to suggest that Pasic planned the crime. It is unlikely that the Black Hand officers were acting on behalf of the government, because the military and the Radical Party in fact were engaged in a bitter competition to control the state.† BUT if someone does say this quote we can respond with â€Å"Pasic’s responsibility revolves around reports that he was warned of the intended crime, and took inadequate steps to warn Austrian authorities. Despite Pasic’s denials, there is substantial testimony that someone alerted him to the plot, and that Pasic ordered the Serbian ambassador in Vienna to tell the Austrians that an attempt would be made on the life of the heir during his visit to Bosnia† Instead of Pasic saying that he knew of an actual plot, he spoke in terms of a hypothetical assassination attempt, and suggested that a state visit by Franz Ferdinand on the day of Kosovo (June 28) was too provocative. Austrian diplomats failed to read between the lines of this vague comment. By the time the warning reached the Habsburg joint finance minister (the man in charge of Bosnian affairs) any sense of urgency had been lost, and he did nothing to increase security or cancel the heir’s planned visit. After the murders, the Serbian government was even more reluctant to compromise itself by admitting any prior knowledge, hence Pasic’s later denials. This is like the ultimate historiography When Serbia first received the ultimatum, Pasic indicated that he could accept its terms, with a few reservations and requests for clarification. As time passed, however, it became clear that Russia would support Serbia regardless of the situation. After that, Pasic gave up seeking peace. While a long reply was written and sent, Serbia rejected the key points about Austrian interference in domestic judicial and police work. Pasic knew that this meant war, and the Serbian army began to mobilize even before the reply was complete. ^– The Balkans in the Age of Nationalism Steven W. Sowards

Germination and Early Growth of Three Angiosperms essays

Germination and Early Growth of Three Angiosperms essays Germination and Early Growth of Three Angiosperms In this experiment, we will observe and record the growing patterns of three different species of angiosperms (corn, bean, mustards) for 11 weeks. At the beginning of the experiment we plant numerous seeds from each species in the same pot. In hopes that at least two of each species would germinate. After germination, if more than two of each species grew we then picked the best two and pulled up the remaining ones so they wouldnt strip the nutrients from the others ones. My general knowledge of the biology of seedlings told me that they have very tiny root systems and no 2Â ° cell walls. They also are very vulnerable to drought, grazing, and to over watering, which produces at great atmosphere for fungal growth. Because this experiment was controlled the drought and grazing werent a problem. Being rasied on a farm I knew that the corn would grow the tallest compared with the beans and mustards. I was undecided as to which one, the beans or mustards would grow first. If I had to guess I would say that the beans would most likely grow first because it needs to store nutrients for the upcoming seed production. But most likely the mustards will grow first and germinate the fastest because they are the smallest seedling. No matter which one grows first or last I do know that these species will not grow as good in the pot as they would in the ground because in the pot they have limited resources. Day one of the experiment I filled a 6 Â ½ diameter pot seven-eighths full with Premix Premium peat-based potting soil. Then I compacted the soil to the bottom of the pot. Next I proceeded to plant three species of seeds, Phaselous vulgaris, or Bush beans, Zea mays, or sweet corn, and Brassica juncea, or Indian mustard, in three different places in the same pot. Afte ...

How to Get Into Columbia 3 Key Tips

How to Get Into Columbia 3 Key Tips SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Columbia University is a prestigious school, not just because of its low acceptance rate or high starting salary for graduates. It’s one of the oldest colleges in the US, and has had huge numbers of well-known graduates, including Founding Fathers, famous directors, and politicians. Like any Ivy League, Columbia is a place for both education and networking, creating a solid foundation and social circle for your future career. But first, you have to know how to get into Columbia. And with a school and selective as Columbia, that’s going to be difficult- but not impossible. Follow this guide to get your college application in shape for a Columbia acceptance! What Should I Know About Columbia? If you’re reading this, you probably already know that people want to go to Columbia because it’s a prestigious college with a long and important history. It’s an Ivy League school, granting it a reputation of academic excellence; with a degree for Columbia on your resume and the connections you make there, you’ll have an edge in the job market. Columbia is also one of the most selective colleges in the United States. Only Harvard and Stanford have lower acceptance rates, so you’ll be competing for spots with some of the brightest minds in the country. Columbia students tend to major in STEM programs like Engineering or Computer Sciences, with around eight percent more students choosing a STEM degree as their first choice than choosing Arts, Humanities, or Social Science.But Columbia is also the alma mater of many prominent artistic figures- Kerouac, Ginsberg, Katherine Bigelow, Langston Hughes, and Art Garfunkel, to name a few. It’s ranked as the top college for English studies, second best for performing arts, and second for philosophy- despite enrolling slightly more STEM undergrads, Columbia is by no means exclusively a STEM-focused college. Its Arts and Social Sciences departments are highly regarded, and students shouldn’t feel like pursuing something other than a STEM field puts them at a disadvantage. Enrollment will be competitive no matter what, so if you want to go to Columbia, apply! Don't let fear of rejection stop you from applying! How Hard Is It to Get Into Columbia? Columbia’s low acceptance rate is part of why it’s such a prestigious school. If it was easy to get in, it wouldn’t carry so much academic and social clout! Reported rates vary from year to year, but you can be that the acceptance rate in a given year will be 6 percent or lower.For the class of 2022, Columbia reported an acceptance rate of 5.5 percent, so just about six students for every 100 applicants will receive a treasured acceptance letter. Because Columbia considers applications holistically, every part of the application matters. Good standardized test scores and an excellent grade point average are essential, but don’t make the mistake of assuming your chance of acceptance is based entirely on those two factors. What GPA and SAT/ACT Scores Do I Need to Get Into Columbia? Columbia is an Ivy League, so you need an excellent GPA and SAT/ACT score. Positive study habits and test preparation are a must. That said, don’t despair if your grades don’t quite match up with Columbia’s expectations. Again, they consider applications holistically; if you can explain your grades, demonstrate growth, and impress with extracurriculars, you still have a chance. Think of admissions to Columbia as a race. Some people may have worked on theoretical racing so much that they have little experience in actually running. Other racers have lots of experience in running, but lack the finesse of runners who’ve been coached by professionals. Any of those runners could conceivably win, but those with a mixture of both experience and theoretical knowledge will have an advantage. Essentially, don’t be afraid that poor grades in your sophomore year have ruined your chances forever. If you can prove that Columbia is truly the school for you, you still have a chance; you’ll just have some extra hurdles to jump! What's the Average SAT Score for Columbia Students? The average SAT score for Columbia students is between 1460 and 1550, making the college extremely competitive. Remember, this is an average- it’s not the only score you can have, as students who score about that will have a little extra boost, and students who score below that will have to demonstrate how well they’ll succeed elsewhere in the application. This is why it’s important to get started on SAT prep early. If your first score misses the mark, you can always try again. Spending some time prepping for the SAT will help you get closer to your score goal, and therefore closer to holding that coveted acceptance letter in your hand. If you want good scores, you'll have to study hard. What's the Average ACT Score for Columbia Students? Columbia is similarly selective with ACT scores. The average ACT score is 34, making Columbia University extremely competitive. As with SAT scores, it’s important to get started on preparing early. Don’t wait until junior or senior year to start thinking about your scores if you plan to attend Columbia- you’re up against some of the brightest minds in the world, so you need to lock in a good score through lots of studying and practice. Columbia reports their scores as between 33 and 35, so while you might have a little bit of wiggle room, a higher score is always better. Study like a perfect score is the only one that’ll get you in, but know that your test scores aren’t the only factor in your acceptance. What's the Average GPA for Columbia Students? Columbia'saverage GPA is a whopping 4.16.What this means is that you’ll need to be taking heavier weighted courses, typically AP or honors courses, to be competitive with other prospective Columbia students. Again, it’s not impossible to get in if you don’t have a GPA above 4.0- it also depends on if your school weights GPAs- but reaching for as high of scores as possibly certainly won’t hurt your chances. Study hard in your first couple years of high school to ensure that you’re prepared for the advanced courses you’ll need to push your GPA to a Columbia-approved level. Remember, your school may weight AP courses more, so a B in an AP course might mean more than an A in a standard course. Don’t despair if your grades aren’t perfect in AP courses, but do always strive for the best, and set yourself up for success. You simply can’t earn a 4.16 GPA if you’re not in AP courses, so plan to take them. Though Columbia doesn’t offer average GPAs for its acceptance rates, it does state that over 90 percent of its accepted students were in the top 10 percent of their class. Don’t take that to mean that being in the top 10 percent is enough- remember, 90 percent of the students you’re competing with are also in that same demographic. You need to excel and stand out. Because Columbia is holistic, everything counts. But one Ivy League college admissions officer has revealed a little secret- everything counts, but the most important thing to not do poorly on is your GPA. This is general advice for Ivy Leagues, not specifically Columbia, but don’t discount your GPA as a vital factor in getting accepted to Columbia. Having a distinct skill- like doing VR while riding a bike- sets you apart from other applicants. What Extracurriculars Should I Have to Get Into Columbia? Your competition is not necessarily every single student who applies to Columbia. Your competition is every student like you- students who have your GPA, your SAT score, your diversity of extracurriculars. So find a way to stand out from the pack; what areas do you excel in? And if you don’t excel now, what can you do to target your application to be less of a Renaissance applicant and more of a specialist? Consider the â€Å"spike† approach to applying to college. A variety of skills is great, but most applicants will also have good grades, test scores, and multiple extracurriculars. To stand out, you want something memorable- a spike in your well-roundedness. If you have an interest spike, an area where you particularly excel or that emphasizes your dedication to a certain field, you can tie much of your application to that spike and make your application more memorable. The essay section may be stressful, but it's also your best opportunity to shine. How to Answer Columbia's Essays Writing a good answer to the â€Å"Why Columbia† essay is essential. The admissions office already knows Columbia is a good school, so use this space to explain why it’s the right school for you and how you’ll contribute to the community there. Again, this is a great place to return to your spike to tie things together. Be sure to emphasize your own personal experience in your essay. Reading successful Columbia application essays is a great way to get a feel for what Columbia likes to see, and to better understand how personal details can change the entire feel of an essay. How to Answer Columbia's Supplemental Writing Questions Columbia’s further supplemental questions may seem unusual compared to other colleges; they ask about books you’ve read, concerts you’ve attended, and so on. Be honest, here- though your temptation might be to reach for the most sophisticated answers, this is an opportunity for the college to get to know you better. If your favorite concert of the year was indeed the obscure bassoon recital you attended, by all means, list it. But don’t write in the prestigious documentary du jour if you have no interest in watching it. That said, Hop on Pop is not a grade-appropriate choice, so do try to choose things that represent your interests and your age level. Should You Include Supplementary Material? Certain majors accept supplementary materials, such as some scientific fields, artistic disciplines, or performance-based majors. Students with research experience, you can include an abstract to flesh out your application. Students in the arts can include a portfolio, but should be aware that there is an additional fee- this fee can be waived, but Coalition Application students will need to email the school directly for a fee waiver. Good recommendation letters are a key part of how to get into Columbia. What Recommendation Letters Should You Have? Columbia requires three recommendation letters: one from a counselor, and two from teachers. Though Columbia does accept supplemental letters of recommendation, students should only do so if the source is academic and if the letter will add something new to your application. More isn't always better. Teachers, coaches, and other mentor figures are great options for letters of recommendation. Be sure that you’re setting your teachers up to write you a great letter by asking early and providing them with any information they might need. Take a look at letters that got students into Ivy League schools for the caliber of recommendations you should strive for. Take note of how these teachers write about personality as well as academics- select teachers who have the same knowledge of your personality and skills so they’re equipped to write about you with the same depth. Before you take out loans, apply for financial aid! What Should You Know About Applying for Financial Aid? Columbia takes a need-blind approach to processing applications from US citizens, undocumented students, and eligible non-US citizens. International students are processed as need-aware, meaning there may be some consideration of financial need while processing the application.Columbia meets 100 percent of student need and does so without loans. Students whose parents or guardians make under $60,000 annually are considered to have a $0 parental contribution, which will instead be made up with financial aid. Columbia has a helpful tool for students to determine what documentation and forms they'll need based on when they're applying, their citizenship status, and what year they're applying for. Use this early to be sure that you can get all your paperwork done ahead of time! Recap: How to Get Into Columbia University Applying to Ivy League schools like Columbia University can be incredibly stressful. You know you're up against the best, and setting yourself apart can feel like an insurmountable task. But you can do it. Start early. Think about what you want your application to look like before you start working on it, and take steps to prepare for the advanced courses, test scores, and extracurriculars you need. If you're already later in your academic career, change what you can now and start thinking about how you can address gaps in your personal statement. Read a ton. Stay on top of changes to the application, new prompts, and what's most advisable for students like you. Assuming all your grades are in order and your test results are on track, start preparing for your essays. Of course, the prompts may not be available yet- consult past and current essays and start thinking about how you'll answer similar questions. Create a spike. Remember, every other student applying to Columbia is also concerned about having great grades, AP courses, and test scores. If you're competing against the best of the best, you need to stand out. Instead of being well-rounded, develop a particular area of expertise, something that will set you apart from other students and really showcase what makes you unique. What’s Next? Learn more about what makes Columbia one of the most selective colleges in the United States, and how it compares to other selective schools. If you're applying to multiple Ivy Leagues, it's a good idea to know your chances at each! Columbia is one of the country's most selective schools. Even if you're only interested in Columbia, learning more about how to get into other selective schools, such as Harvard, can give you additional insight into how to polish up your application. Knowing the essay requirements is just the beginning. More in-depth reading about the topics and how to answer them will give you an even stronger shot at impressing the admissions office. Want to get into Columbia or your personal top choice college? We can help. PrepScholar Admissions is the world's best admissions consulting service. We combine world-class admissions counselors with our data-driven, proprietary admissions strategies. We've overseen thousands of students get into their top choice schools, from state colleges to the Ivy League. Learn more about PrepScholar Admissions to maximize your chance of getting in.

Compare and Contrast the traditional music of India with the Research Paper

Compare and Contrast the traditional music of India with the traditional music of Korea - Research Paper Example In 12th century, influences from the Middle East made Indian music split in to two main paths. Carnatic music was not altered by Arabian culture unlike Hindustani music, which embraced evident Persian and Arab influences from the ruling Muslim kings in the Northern states of India (â€Å"Carnatic music†). In 13th century Carnatic music localized in the Southern part of India and developed there a significant music culture (Randel, ed.). Carnatic music was quite diverse, but it utilized the main elements of Indian music which were sruti, swara, tala and raga. Out of these elements, sruti was defined as a musical pitch, and swara was the repetition of the same note; raga was a specific interchange of ascending and descending parts of the melody, and tala was a fixed rhythmic scale (Randel, ed.). Carnatic music was usually composed; though, improvisation was possible as well. Instrumentation of Carnatic music included the main performer (vocalist), melodic and rhythm accompanimen t and a drone (Randel, ed.). Usually, the vocalists sat in the middle of the stage because they were main figures in the performance, other musicians circled them behind. Goryeo dynasty, which ruled in 938-1392, contributed a lot to the development of Korean traditional music. Goryeo dynasty music was represented by aak, court ceremonial music (So). Aak was derived from Chinese model and it was translated as elegant music; it was presented to Goreyo dynasty in Korea by Song Dynasty in China. However, Koreans retuned Chinese music gifted to them and developed unique tone and style, which was radically different from Chinese music. All instruments for aak were shipped from China; they were divided into two orchestras – tungga (veranda orchestra) and hon’ga (ground orchestra) (So). According to Randel ed., akk orchestras included extremely diverse instruments grouped as idiophones (wooden and stone chimes, boxes, scrappers and clappers), aerophones (octarina, various flutes,

World Cinema Luis Bunuel Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

World Cinema Luis Bunuel - Research Paper Example The influential personalities accorded outstanding stature has contributed towards the formation of ideas and development plans that have driven change and competition. In the desire to compete for the customer’s preference, organizations have employed ideologies from renowned personalities who would endorse their products. Music and movies rely on outstanding directors and a renowned production company to offer the desired quality. These features have defined greatness and fame. Personalities gain their definition form in the contributions that they have made towards the development of an attribute. Factors considered to measure their contribution have been in the placed articles and works that have been erected to honor the contribution made towards development of the attribute. Most sources have provided reference on the information needed to analyze the nature of the personalities through their biography that holds the life contribution and influences. A more distinct meas ure that has been applied to gain knowledge on the contribution of a famous individual has been in the contribution that they made towards a given discipline. In the visual arts perspective, films have advanced to include technological provisions in the creation of advanced effects to accord a superb plot t the images. However, the ideas to create the films have been developed over the decade to include outstanding works that have been liked to their creators. Luis Bunuel has contributed adversely to the improvement of the visual arts and his input has been felt in films produced over the centuries. The creations of pieces to highlight the contributions made within a film have been reflected within the creations of the directors. Luis Bunuel is no exception, and the contributions that he inputted in the cinema development have been reflected in the creation of his films. These pieces have been based on the age that he had represented (1900-1983) (Diaz). Luis chose to reflect the tim e that he had represented and the virtues that had shaped the contributions of the community. This attribute had been the leading contribution towards the completion of the film with the virtues reflected to develop the plot. The inspiration to apply the style that he had used had been witnessed in the works of Fritz Lang and Murnau. The style that he had applied in the completion of film production was reliant on the personalities that inspired Luis to be involved in filmmaking. The style that Luis Applied in the creation of his films incorporated the Surrealism style. The inspiration had been drawn through working with the artist Salvador Dali to experiment on the features available to complete the film creation process. He had made the improvement create visual illusion in the films through using forms that presented ideas unknown to the natural development. The fiction applied in the majority of the films in the modern society has reflected on the provision to create numerous de velopments in their plot development. During his time, these ideologies had not been popular among the creators of the time. Through the creation of images that presented elements that held advanced meanings, Luis was able to be outstanding among other directors. The films that initially implemented the style that he had incorporated in the creation of his pieces like ‘Un Chien Andalou’ and ‘L’Age d’Or,’ observe the surrealistic style of creating the films (Diaz). These works are mostly outstanding due to the unique feature that they applied in the completion of their plot. Luis was a director ahead of his time as his ideas proved crucial in completing famous films.  

Persuasive Presentations Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 words

Persuasive Presentations - Essay Example For most writers, that's presenting information, usually to an audience that's about as knowledgeable on the subject as we are. (Anthony 45-57) For presentations, that's a lethal combination. Factual information presented at a high level of technical expertise not only doesn't persuade, but may actually alienate the reader. For thousands of years, people have tried to figure out the best way to persuade other people to do things. We know that persuasion has been the subject of serious study since the days of classical Greece. Plato worried about the rhapsodes' ability to appeal to citizens' emotions and persuade them to do things that were not in the best of interest of the city or themselves. And Aristotle wrote one of the great treatises on persuasion. (Rasmussen 23-36) Among the Romans the ability to persuade was considered a hallmark of responsible citizenship. Since World War II, researchers have worked particularly hard to identify the elements of persuasion. Why They have some practical motives: improving advertising and marketing campaigns, motivating audiences, influencing the electorate, girding consumers and voters against propaganda, understanding the dynamics of brainwashing, and- yes- writing better presentations. From all this speculation and research, four elements have consistently bee n a vital part of nearly every theory of persuasion: the message, the receiver, the channel, and the source. (Daley 79-83) Giving them some consideration will give us a deeper understanding of the process of persuasion. Message The impact of your message depends in part on whether the receiver is receptive to it to begin with. If the evidence or logic in a particular persuasive message is in line with the audience's basic values, beliefs, or biases, the receiver is more likely to accept it and modify his or her attitudes accordingly. If the evidence runs counter to the receiver's basic beliefs, persuasion is far less likely to occur. Thus, the way you frame your message with regard to your audience's preferences is critical. That may seem circular: You can persuade people to accept only the things they already accept or to do the things they already want to do. But that's not quite what's going on here. (Holcombe 112-24) There is a difference between a belief and an attitude. Someone may issue an RFP for new equipment because he or she believes that production efficiency can be improved by using more modern technology. If you can base your presentation on the same belief and then demonstrate how your equipm ent will introduce labor-saving enhancements, the receiver's attitude toward you as the most suitable vendor will change in a positive way. However, if you send out a canned presentation, one that emphasizes the ruggedness and durability of your machines, instead of their impact on production efficiency, you will be not be addressing the client's basic belief. (Anthony 45-57) As a result, you may not persuade him or her to choose you. This is the fundamental problem in submitting boilerplate presentations. Because customers vary widely in their beliefs and values, using the same text for everybody guarantees that a large percentage of them will find your message irrelevant or unconvincing. Receiver The receiver is a vital component of

La Indolencia de Los Filipinos Essay Example for Free

La Indolencia de Los Filipinos Essay La indolencia de los filipinos (y de los estudiantes tambien) 1. What was the effect of conviction of inferiority? -The child or youth who tries to be anything else is blamed with vanity and presumption; the curate ridicules him with cruel sarcasm, his relatives look upon him with fear, strangers regard him with great compassion. No forward movement Get back in the ranks and keep in line! With his spirit thus molded the native falls into the most pernicious of all routines: routine not planned but imposed and forced. Note that the native himself is not naturally inclined to routine but his mind is disposed to accept all truth, just as his house is open to all strangers. The good and the beautiful attract him, seduce and captivate him although like the the Japanese he often exchanges the good for the evil, if it appears to him garnished and gilded. What he lacks is in the first place liberty to allow expansion to his adventuresome spirit, and good examples, beautiful prospects for the future. It is necessary that his spirit, although it may be dismayed and cowed by the elements and the fearful manifestation of their mighty forces, store up energy, seek high purposes, in order to struggle against obstacles in the midst of unfavorable natural conditions. In order that he may progress it is necessary that a revolutionary spirit, so to speak, should boil in his veins, since progress necessarily requires the present; the victory of new ideas over the ancient and accepted one. It will not be sufficient to speak to his fancy, to talk nicely to him, nor that the light illuminate him like the ignis fatuus that leads travelers astray at night: all the flattering promises of the fairest hopes will not suffice, so long as his spirit is not free, his intelligence is not respected. 2. What is the meaning of the statement, tila ka kastila? The pernicious example of the dominators in surrounding themselves with servants and despising manual or corporal labor as a thing unbecoming the nobility and chivalrous pride of the heroes of so many centuries; those lordly airs, which the natives have translated into tila ka castila, and the desire of the dominated to be the equal of the dominators, if not essentially, at least in their manners; all this had naturally to produce aversion to activity and fear or hatred of work. 3. What does Rizal mean by saying that indolence in the Philippines is a chronic but not an inherited disease? When in consequence of a long chronic illn ess the condition of the patient is examined, the question may arise whether the weakening of the fibers and the debility of the organs are the cause of the maladys continuing or the effect of the bad treatment that prolongs its action. The attending physician attributes the entire failure of his skill to the poor constitution of the patient, to the climate, to the surroundings, and so on. On the other hand, the patient attributes the aggravation of the evil to the system of treatment followed. Only the common crowd, the inquisitive populace, shakes its head and cannot reach a decision. Something like this happens in the case of the Philippines. Instead of a physician, read government, that is friars, employees, etc. Instead of patient, Philippines; instead of malady, indolence. 4. What proofs did Rizal give to show that pre-Spanish Malayans were not indolent? -Before the arrival of the Europeans, the Malayan Filipinos carried on an active trade, no only among themselves but also with all the neighboring countries. All the histories of those first years, in short, abound in long accounts about the industry and agriculture of the natives; mines, gold-washings, looms, farms, barter, naval construction, raising of poultry and stock, weaving of silk and cotton, distilleries, manufactures of arms, pearl fisheries, the civet industry, the horn and hide industry, etc. , are things encountered at every step, and considering the time and the conditions in the islands, prove that there was life, there was activity, there was movement. 5. How did it happen that the industrious pagan culture was transformed into that of an indolent Christian culture? -We have already spoken of the more or less latent predisposition which exists in the Philippines toward indolence, and which must exist everywhere, in the whole world, in all men, because we all hate work more or less, as it may be more or less hard, more ore less unproductive. The dolce far niente of the Italian, the rascarse la barriga of the Spaniard, the supreme aspiration of the bourgeois to live on his income in peace and tranquility, attest this. It seems that there are causes more than sufficient to breed indolence in the midst of a beehive. Thus is explained why, after thirty-two years of the system, the circumspect and prudent Morga said that the natives have forgotten much about farming, raising poultry, stock and cotton and weaving cloth, as they used to do in their paganism and for a long time after the country had been conquered! 6. Why does the city of Hong Kong have more commercial and trade activities than the whole of the Philippines? It has more commercial movement than all the islands together, because it is free and is well governed. The great difficulty that every enterprise encountered with the administration contributed not a little to kill off all commercial and industrial movement. All the Filipinos, as well as all those who have tried to engage in business in the Philippines, know how many documents, what comings, how many stamped papers, how much patience is needed to secure from the government a permit for an enterprise. One must count upon the good will of this one, on the influence of that one, on a good bribe to another in order that the application be not pigeon-holed, a present to the one further on so that it may pass it on to his chief; one must pray to God to give him good humor and time to see and examine it; to another, talent to recognize its expediency; to one further on sufficient stupidity not to scent behind the enterprise an insurrectionary purpose land that they may not all spend the time taking baths, hunting or playing cards with the reverend friars in their convents or country houses. And above all, great patience, great knowledge of how to get along, plenty of money, a great deal of politics, many salutations, great influence, plenty of presents and complete resignation! 7. Was there gambling in the country before the coming of the Spaniards? -Yes, we do not mean to say that before the coming of the Spaniards the natives did not gamble: the passion for gambling is innate in adventuresome and excitable races, and such is the Malay, Pigafetta tells us of cockfights and of bets in the Island of Paragua. Cock-fighting must also have existed in Luzon and in all the islands, for in the terminology of the game are two Tagalog words: sabong and tari (cockpit and gaff). But there is not the least doubt that the fostering of this game is due to the government, as well as the perfecting of it. 8. What are the effects of too many religious festivals on the country? Remember, that lack of capital and absence of means paralyze all movement, and you will see how the native was perforce to be indolent for if any money might remain to him from the trials, imposts and exactions, he would have to give it to the curate for bulls, scapularies, candles, novenaries, etc. And if this does not suffice to form an indolent character, if the climate and nature are not enough in themselves to daze him and deprive him of all energy, recall then that the doctrine of his religion teach him to irrigate his fields in the dry season, not by means of canals but with amasses and prayers; to preserve his stock during an epidemic with holy water, exorcisms and benedictions that cost five dollars an animal, to drive away the locusts by a procession with the image of St. Augustine, etc. It is well, undoubtedly, to trust greatly in God; but it is better to do what one can not trouble the Creator every moment, even when these appeals redound to the benefit of His ministers. We have noticed that the countries which believe most in miracles are the laziest, just as spoiled children are the most ill-mannered. Whether they believe in miracles to palliate their laziness or they are lazy because they believe in miracles, we cannot say; but he fact is the Filipinos were much less lazy before the word miracle was introduced into their language. 9. What other evidence may be pointed out to show the lack of national sentiment? -The very limited training in the home, the tyrannical and sterile education of the rare centers of learning that blind subordination of the youth to one of greater age, influence the mind so that a man may not aspire to excel those who preceded him but must merely be content to go along with a march behind them. Stagnation forcibly results from this, and as he who devotes himself merely to copying divests himself of other qualities suited to his own nature, he naturally becomes sterile; hence decadence. Indolence is a corollary derived from the lack of stimulus and of vitality. That modesty infused into the convictions of everyone, or, to speak more clearly, that insinuated inferiority, a sort of daily and constant depreciation of the mind so that it may not be raised to the regions of life, deadens the energies, paralyzes all tendencies toward advancement, and of the least struggle a man gives up without fighting. If by one of those rare incidents, some wild spirit, that is some active one, excels, instead of his example stimulating, it only causes others to persist in their inaction. Theres one who will work for us; lets sleep on! say his relatives and friends. True it is that the spirit of rivalry is sometimes awakened, only that then it awakens with bad humor in the guise of envy, and instead of being a lever for helping, it is an obstacle that produces discouragement. 10. How do we know there was no national sentiment? -Absence of all opposition to measures prejudicial to the people and the absence of any initiative in whatever may redound to its good. A man in the Philippines is only an individual, he is not a member of a nation. He is forbidden and denied the right of association, and is, therefore, weak and sluggish. The Philippines is an organism whose cells seem to have no arterial system to irrigate it or nervous system to communicate its impressions; these cells must, nevertheless, yield their product, get it where they can; if they perish, let them perish. In the view of some this is expedient so that a colony may be a colony; perhaps they are right, but not the effect that a colony may flourish.